肝癌电子杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (2): 44-53.

• 医学教育 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同教学方法对医学生医患沟通能力影响的网状Meta分析

杨敏1, 周泳佳2, 徐彩花2, 刘婧一3, 周海燕4, 李江3, 丛明华1,*   

  1. 1.国家癌症中心/国家肿瘤临床医学研究中心/中国医学科学院北京协和医学院肿瘤医院综合科,北京 100021;
    2.兰州大学基础医学院循证医学中心,甘肃兰州 730000;
    3.国家癌症中心/国家肿瘤临床医学研究中心/中国医学科学院北京协和医学院肿瘤医院癌症早诊早治办公室,北京 100021;
    4.国家癌症中心/国家肿瘤临床医学研究中心/中国医学科学院北京协和医学院肿瘤医院教育处,北京 100021
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-18 发布日期:2025-07-29
  • 通讯作者: *丛明华,E-mail:doccong@vip.163.com
  • 基金资助:
    北京协和医学院2024年青年医学教育骨干培训项目(2024mesp014)

A network Meta-analysis of the impact of various teaching methods on medical students' doctor-patient communication

Yang Min1, Zhou Yongjia2, Xu Caihua2, Liu Jingyi3, Zhou Haiyan4, Li Jiang3, Cong Minghua1,*   

  1. 1. Department of Comprehensive, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China;
    2. Center of Evidence Based Medicine, Lanzhou University, School of Basic Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China;
    3. Cancer Early Diagnosis and Treatment Office, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China;
    4. Department of Education, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
  • Received:2025-02-18 Published:2025-07-29
  • Contact: *Cong Minghua, E-mail: doccong@vip.163.com

摘要: 目的: 比较不同教学方法对提升我国医学生医患沟通能力的影响,为推荐最优的教学方法提供循证依据。
方法: 自建库起至 2024 年 10 月 15 日,检索中国知网、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed和Web of Science等7个数据库,收集不同教学方法对我国医学生医患沟通能力影响的随机对照试验,进一步筛选文献、提取资料、评估偏倚风险,进行统计分析。
结果: 共纳入26项研究,涉及14种教学方法和2 045名研究对象。网状Meta分析结果显示,案例教学法联合标准化患者教学法[加权均数差(weighted mean difference, WMD)=7.68,95%置信区间(95% confidence interval, 95%CI)为4.76~10.59]和小规模限制性在线课程联合案例教学法(WMD=7.67,95%CI为1.04~14.30)在提升医学生医患沟通能力上效果更为显著。亚组分析显示,单纯的案例教学法对在校医学生和实习生更为有效,而案例教学法联合标准化患者教学法对规培医师和住院医师更为有效。
结论: 案例教学法联合标准化患者教学法及小规模限制性在线课程在提升医学生医患沟通能力上可能优于其他教学方法。在实际运用中需结合教学对象等具体情况选择合适的教学方法。

关键词: 教学方法, 医学生, 医患沟通, 网状Meta分析

Abstract: Objective: To compare the effectiveness of different teaching methods in enhancing the communication skills of medical students in China, providing evidence-based recommendations for optimal teaching strategies.
Methods: From the establishment of the library until October 15, 2024, a systematic search was conducted in seven databases, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biomedical Literature Database, PubMed, and Web of Science, to evaluate teaching methods on doctor-patient communication among Chinese medical students. Two independent reviewers screened the studies, extracted relevant data, assessed the risk of bias, and performed statistical analyses.
Results: A total of 26 studies involving 2 045 participants and 14 different teaching methods were included. Network Meta-analysis and cumulative ranking probability plots indicated that case-based learning combined with standardized patient teaching (weighted mean difference [WMD]=7.68, 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 4.76-10.59) and small private online course combined with case-based learning (WMD=7.67, 95%CI: 1.04-14.30) were the most effective in improving medical students' doctor-patient communication skills. Subgroup analysis showed that case-based learning alone was more effective in improving communication skills among medical students and interns, while case-based learning combined with standardized patient teaching was more effective for residents and attending physicians.
Conclusion: Case-based learning combined with standardized patient learning or small private online course appear to be superior to other teaching methods for enhancing doctor-patient communication skills. However, the selection of teaching strategies should be tailored to the specific characteristics of the learners to maximize effectiveness in practical applications.

Key words: Teaching methods, Medical students, Doctor-patient communication, Network Meta-analysis