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Investigation and influencing factors of postoperative fatigue in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation Wei Wei, Cui Chen, Liu Xiulian, Han Guijie, Pan Jing, Gao Yanping, Zhang Jingjing, Wang Yuan Electronic Journal of Liver Tumor    2022, 9 (3): 22-26.   Abstract （495）      PDF （2075KB）（8）       Knowledge map    Save Objective: To investigate and analyze the incidence of fatigue in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation, evaluate the applicability of multidimensional fatigue symptom inventory (MFSI) for patients and further analyze the factors affecting fatigue. Method: The patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation who were followed up in the hepatobiliary surgery outpatient department of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital during December 2021 were selected for questionnaire survey. The fatigue of patients was evaluated by MFSI, the reliability and validity of the scale were evaluated, and the influencing factors of fatigue were further analyzed by multiple linear regression. Result: The total MFSI score of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation was 12.5±7.0, including general fatigue was 5.3±2.6, physical fatigue was 7(6, 9), emotional fatigue was 3(0, 5), psychological fatigue was 4(2, 5) and vitality was 6.7±3.2. The Cronbach's α coefficient of MFSI total score is 0.803 and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) coefficient is 0.808. The results of regression analysis showed that the years after transplantation, rejection and tumor recurrence were the significant influencing factors of fatigue in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation (P<0.05). Conclusion: MFSI has good reliability and validity, and is helpful to comprehensively evaluate the fatigue status of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation. Years after transplantation, rejection and tumor recurrence are the significant influencing factors of fatigue in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Electronic Journal of Liver Tumor    2021, 8 (4): 41-43.   Abstract （467）      PDF （1969KB）（19）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Chinese expert consensus on conversion therapy of immune checkpoint inhibitors combined antiangiogenic targeted drugs for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (2021 Edition) Professional Committee for Prevention and Control of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Chinese Preventive Medicine Association; Chinese Society of Liver Cancer, Chinese Anti-Cancer Association; Liver Study Group of Surgery Committee of Beijing Medical Association; Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Hepatobiliary Surgery Electronic Journal of Liver Tumor    2021, 8 (2): 6-15.   Abstract （414）      PDF （1752KB）（657）       Knowledge map    Save As many as half of hepatocellular carcinomas are at advanced stage when first diagnosed, and advanced stage hepatocellular carcinoma lacks effective treatment which leads to a very poor prognosis. In recent years, Immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with anti-angiogenesis drugs has shown a high effective rate in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, which significantly prolongs the overall survival of the patients and also provides the possibility of the sequent radical surgery? In order to improve the long-term survival rate of the liver cancer patients and achieve the goal of increasing the 5-year overall survival rate by 15% according to "Healthy China 2030" plan, the Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease Prevention and Control Committee of the Chinese Preventive Medicine Association and the Liver Cancer Committee of the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association have deep discussions on the key points of medical treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma and a preliminary consensus was formed to guide clinical practice, standardize medical behavior, and promote disciplines. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Global liver cancer and gallbladder cancer incidence and mortality in 2020 Shan Tianhao1, An Lan1, Xu Mengyuan1, Zeng Hongmei1,*, Cai Jianqiang2,* Electronic Journal of Liver Tumor    2022, 9 (4): 46-51.   Abstract （342）      PDF （2337KB）（190）       Knowledge map    Save Objective:According to the data of GLOBOCAN 2020, we compared the global and Chinese incidence and mortality of liver cancer and gallbladder cancer in 2020, to provide a scientific basis for cancer prevention and control. Method:According to the incidence and mortality data of liver cancer and gallbladder cancer released by the International Agency for Research on Cancer in 2020, the differences among different regions, genders and ages were compared. Result:In 2020, there were 905 677 new cases and 830 180 deaths of liver cancer globally, with age-standardized incidence and mortality rates of 9.5/100 000 and 8.7/100 000, respectively. For gallbladder cancer, the numbers of new cases and deaths were 115 949 and 84 695, respectively, with the age-standardized incidence and mortality of 1.2/100 000 and 0.84/100 000, respectively. The top five countries with highest incidence of liver cancer were Mongolia, Egypt, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam. The top five countries with highest incidence of gallbladder cancer were Bolivia, Chile, Bangladesh, Nepal and Korea. In 2020, there were 410 038 new cases of liver cancer in China, with a standardized incidence rate of 18.2/100 000, ranking 8th among all countries. There were 391 152 new cases of death from liver cancer in China, with an age-standardized mortality rate of 17.2/100 000. For gallbladder cancer, there were 28 923 new cases of incidence in China, with an age-standardized incidence rate of 1.2/100 000, ranking 39th among all countries. There were 23 297 new cases of death from gallbladder cancer in China, with an age-standardized mortality rate of 0.97/100 000. Conclusion:The disease burden of liver cancer and gallbladder cancer is different between countries. Different prevention and control strategies should be formulated according to different populations. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Long-term outcomes of radiotherapy combined with immune checkpoint blockade inhibitor and lenvatinib therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus Zhao Ying, Li Kewei, Yang Yanmei, Li Wei, Li Guangxin, Li Gong Electronic Journal of Liver Tumor    2023, 10 (3): 58-63.   Abstract （302）      PDF （3346KB）（25）       Knowledge map    Save Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of radiotherapy combined with immune checkpoint blockade inhibitor(PD-1 inhibitor) and lenvatinib in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT). Methods:Between March 2018 to October 2020, patients diagnosed with unresectable HCC with PVTT who were admitted to our hospital were screened. In whom we included patients who met Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage C, with Vp3 or Vp4 type portal vein tumor thrombus, and had no prior systemic treatment. The primary endpoints were 3-year overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and objective response rate (ORR) of PVTT. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used for survival analysis and log-rank test was performed. Results:47 patients were enrolled in the study, 39 of whom had Vp4 type PVTT. The median follow-up duration was 33.9 (range: 3.1-57.1) months. The median OS tuime was 11.9 (95%CI:7.5-16.3) months, and the 3-year OS rate was 18%. The median PFS tiume was 5 months(95%CI:3.5-6.5 months) , and the 3-year PFS rate was 10%. Among patients with Vp4 type PVTT, the median OS time was 9.4 months (95%CI:8.3-10.5 months) , and the 3-year OS rate was 13%. The median PFS time was 4.9 months (95%CI:3.2-6.6 months), and the 3-year PFS rate was 9%. The objective response rate of PVTT was 75%. No grade 3 or higher adverse events occurred. Conclusions:Radiotherapy combined with PD-1 inhibitor and lenvatinib in HCC patients with PVTT demonstrated favorable long-term efficacy and low toxicity. This triple combination therapy may become one of the competitive treatment options for HCC with BCLC stage C. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Electronic Journal of Liver Tumor    2023, 10 (4): 1-14.   Abstract （296）      PDF （2280KB）（260）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Pathological diagnosis and treatment progress of hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma Liang Yiting, Shi Susheng Electronic Journal of Liver Tumor    2021, 8 (2): 53-56.   Abstract （278）      PDF （1801KB）（48）       Knowledge map    Save Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma(HEHE) is a rare vascular endothelial cell tumor, composed of epithelioid and histiocyte-like vascular endothelial cells in mucus or fibrotic stroma, and is low to moderately malignant. The etiology of HEHE is unclear. It can be characterized as single, multiple, or diffuse, and the multifocal form is most common. There is no specificity in imaging diagnosis including ultrasound, MRI, and CT. The diagnosis mainly depends on histopathology and immunohistochemical staining. Immunohistochemical antibodies include vascular endothelial markers CD31, CD34, CD10, D2-40, ERG, FLI-1, factorⅧ etc, and epithelial markers CD8/18, EMA, etc. Changes in molecular biology mainly include the WWTR1-CAMTA1 fusion gene, and a small number of YAP1-TFE3 fusion genes can be detected and diagnosed by FISH. Liver resection and liver transplantation are the preferred treatment methods for HEHE. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Electronic Journal of Liver Tumor    2019, 6 (4): 9-13.   Abstract （268）   HTML （6）    PDF （1200KB）（433）       Knowledge map    Save Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Electronic Journal of Liver Tumor    2023, 10 (1): 1-9.   Abstract （266）      PDF （2166KB）（236）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Electronic Journal of Liver Tumor    2020, 7 (4): 54-58.   Abstract （251）      PDF （2920KB）（244）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Electronic Journal of Liver Tumor    2019, 6 (4): 20-23.   Abstract （240）   HTML （7）    PDF （1186KB）（183）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Research Progress and Future Perspectives Meng HE, Ning Lyu, Ming ZHAO Electronic Journal of Liver Tumor    2019, 6 (4): 14-19.   Abstract （236）   HTML （10）    PDF （1290KB）（250）       Knowledge map    Save Inhibitory checkpoints, including cytotoxic T lymphocyte?Cassociated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death protein-1(PD-1), and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), have been identified to suppress anti-tumor immune responses in solid tumors. The application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have reversed immune exhaustion with promising efficacy in practice, which expanded the spectrum of clinical use. Recent output studies show immune checkpoint therapy provides survival benefit for tremendous numbers of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). While with remarkable and durable responses in a subset HCC patients, majority of those will still develop primary non-response or adaptive resistance. The combination treatment strategies with immunotherapy is being evaluated in phase 1, 2 or 3 trials in HCC, and some of the results suggested that an anti-PD-1 antibody combined with other ICIs, Tyrosine Kinase Inhibits（TKI）, systemic therapy or locoregional therapy are more effective treatment strategies. In this review, we summarise recent developments in ICIs-based therapies, and speculate rational deployment of the effective predictive markers and selection of the combination therapy strategies,which should hold promise for improve the efficacy and prognosis of HCC patients. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Electronic Journal of Liver Tumor    2019, 6 (4): 43-46.   Abstract （227）   HTML （2）    PDF （3673KB）（194）       Knowledge map    Save Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Electronic Journal of Liver Tumor    2020, 7 (2): 2-11.   Abstract （217）      PDF （1680KB）（356）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress on the mechanism of lenvatinib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma Zhang Lisha, Kang Mingjia, Zhao Jian Electronic Journal of Liver Tumor    2023, 10 (2): 37-40.   Abstract （211）      PDF （1635KB）（50）       Knowledge map    Save Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Lenvatinib is an inhibitor of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases, was approved in 2018 for the first-line treatment of unresectable HCC. However, the inevitable drug resistance of lenvatinib is the main reason that hindering its long-term anticancer activity, but the mechanism of drug resistance is not completely clear. In this paper, the potential mechanisms of resistance to lenvatinib in HCC were reviewed according to signal pathway and targets classification, providing reference for research on prevention or delay of lenvatinib resistance. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in diagnosis and treatment of combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma Huang Zhangkan, Huang Xiaozhun, Xu Lin, Zhang Renjie, Che Xu, Sun Yongkun Electronic Journal of Liver Tumor    2021, 8 (2): 43-46.   Abstract （181）      PDF （1924KB）（41）       Knowledge map    Save Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma is a rare primary liver cancer, which contains a mixture of hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. Because of the diversity of histology and phenotype, it is difficult to diagnose and treat. With the development of biochemical methods and cancer stem cell theory, the special pathological classification, tumor biology and clinical manifestations of Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma have been more and more recognized. The thesis summarizes the recent progress in combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma from the perspective of Pathology, diagnosis, and treatment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Electronic Journal of Liver Tumor    2019, 6 (3): 22-23.   Abstract （180）   HTML （5）    PDF （864KB）（261）       Knowledge map    Save Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Electronic Journal of Liver Tumor    2019, 6 (3): 28-30.   Abstract （165）   HTML （2）    PDF （1052KB）（53）       Knowledge map    Save Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Electronic Journal of Liver Tumor    2019, 6 (4): 24-26.   Abstract （163）   HTML （3）    PDF （1190KB）（125）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress on protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-Ⅱ in the diagnosis and therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma Wang Yaning, Sheng Jiyao, Wang Zhenxiao, Zhang Xuewen Electronic Journal of Liver Tumor    2023, 10 (1): 39-44.   Abstract （161）      PDF （2033KB）（55）       Knowledge map    Save Protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-Ⅱ(PIVKA-Ⅱ) is mainly used for the complementary diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma, but now more and more studies have found that PIVKA-Ⅱ is valuable in combination with other serological indices for highly specific and sensitive diagnosis, pre-treatment efficacy assessment and post-treatment prognosis evaluation, and its level changes can provide a new basis for choice of surgery timing of liver transplantation and hepatectomy and for microvascular invasion. This article will review and discuss the role of PIVKA-Ⅱ in the above diagnosis and treatment, aiming to provide more comprehensive theoretical support for the function of PIVKA-Ⅱ in hepatocellular carcinoma. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics