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Electronic Journal of Liver Tumor    2024, 11 (3): 1-13.   Abstract （68）      PDF （1944KB）（406）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Electronic Journal of Liver Tumor    2024, 11 (3): 68-71.   Abstract （24）      PDF （3464KB）（40）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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From susceptibility to prognosis: the multifaceted role of the cytochrome p450 family in hepatocellular carcinoma Hong Shengjie, Zhang Guangquan, Li Ruixi, He Yongfei, Wu Fenfang, Shi Xianjie Electronic Journal of Liver Tumor    2024, 11 (3): 58-63.   Abstract （42）      PDF （2799KB）（38）       Knowledge map    Save The cytochrome P450 (CYP450) family is a group of enzymes that play a crucial role in the metabolism of exogenous and endogenous compounds. Growing evidence suggests that the CYP450 family is pivotal in the occurrence, progression, and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Polymorphisms in CYP450 family genes can influence an individual's susceptibility to carcinogens and metabolic capacity, closely associated with the risk of HCC. Furthermore, dysregulation of CYP450 family genes is involved in HCC progression, with mechanisms encompassing reactive oxygen species levels, DNA damage, cell proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis. The expression levels of CYP450 family genes are also intimately linked to the prognosis of HCC patients, showing promise as essential indicators for prognostic assessment. In conclusion, a deep understanding of the role of the CYP450 family in the occurrence, progression, and prognosis of HCC is of great significance for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of HCC and developing individualized prevention and treatment strategies. Future research should further investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the polymorphisms and dysregulation of CYP450 family genes, establish corresponding risk prediction and prognostic evaluation models, and emphasize the regulatory effects of drugs on the CYP450 family, aiming to provide new strategies and targets for the prevention and treatment of HCC. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression and clinical significance of transmembrane protein 132A in liver cancer based on bioinformatics Zhao Hangqi, Ma Xiaowen, Zhang Tian'ai, Li Baifeng Electronic Journal of Liver Tumor    2024, 11 (3): 33-41.   Abstract （33）      PDF （9212KB）（33）       Knowledge map    Save Objective: To explore the expression pattern and clinical significance of transmembrane protein 132A (TMEM132A) in liver cancer based on public databases. Methods: The Cancer Genome Atlas and GSE14520, GSE60502 of Gene Expression Omnibus was used to analyze the mRNA level of TMEM132A in liver cancer and adjacent tissues, the promoter methylation level, and the correlation with clinical factors. The immunohistochemical results of TMEM132A in tissues were obtained through HPA database. Kaplan-Meier method was used to explore the correlation between TMEM132A and the prognosis of patients. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to explore whether TMEM132A could accurately diagnose patients. The drug sensitivity of TMEM132A to chemotherapy drugs was predicted by cancer drug sensitivity genomics. Immune analysis of TEME132A was performed by single-sample GSEA, TIMER, STORMAL SCORE and immune checkpoint heatmap. Linkedomics website was used to perform gene set enrichment analysis for differential genes of TMEM132A. The STRING database was used to predict the interacting proteins of TMEM132A. Results: The expression of MEM132A in HCC tissues was significantly higher than that in adjacent tissues (P<0.05), and it was located in the cytoplasm and cell membrane. The high expression of TMEM132A was positively correlated with tumor stage, grade, AFP level and body weight. High expression of TMEM132A indicates poor prognosis and can be used as an accurate diagnostic indicator. TMEM132A is sensitive to a variety of chemotherapy drugs and infiltrated by a variety of immune cells, which can be used as a research target for drug therapy and immunotherapy. The promoter methylation level of TMEM132 was significantly decreased in cancer tissues. TMEM132A affects cell adhesion, fatty acid metabolism and other signaling pathways. Conclusion: TMEM132A is highly expressed in HCC and positively correlated with poor prognosis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Electronic Journal of Liver Tumor    2024, 11 (3): 64-67.   Abstract （29）      PDF （3734KB）（29）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical application of computerized tomography-guided microwave ablation in the treatment of hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma oligosenterinoma Hu Caixia, Zhao Peng, Liu Bojun, Yang Xiaozhen, Fang Da, Zheng Jiasheng, Zhang Yonghong Electronic Journal of Liver Tumor    2024, 11 (1): 1-3.   Abstract （84）      PDF （1509KB）（29）       Knowledge map    Save Objective: To evaluate the efficacy, safety and application value of microwave ablation for patients with liver cancer associated with hepatitis B and lung metastases in the era of pre-target immunotherapy. Methods: From November 2010 to December 2014,30 patients (24 males and 6 females) with pulmonary metastases were treated by microwave ablation Age ranged from 35 to 74 years, with a median age of 57.1 years. 67 pulmonary metastases were detected by chest CT and 67 lesions were ablated. The diameter of the tumor ranged from 0.5 cm to 4.1 cm in 9 patients with single lesion, 5 patients with 2 lesions and 16 patients with 3 lesions, the average diameter was 1.37 cm. Kaplan-meier method was used to calculate local tumor control rate, median survival time and complications. Results: Microwave ablation was successfully performed 46 times in 67 cases of liver cancer with lung metastases. One to three months after ablation, enhanced CT showed no enhancement in the target area. The complete ablation rate was 100% , and the median survival time was 27.5 months, the main complications included local pain (6 cases) , paroxysmal cough (13 cases) and a small amount of hemoptysis (3 cases) , 10 patients developed mild pneumothorax without special treatment, and 3 patients developed moderate to severe pneumothorax. Immediate closed chest drainage was performed. Conclusion: CT-guided microwave ablation is a safe and effective method for the treatment of lung metastases from hepatitis B-related liver cancer. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Global liver and gallbladder cancer incidence and mortality in 2022 and projections to 2050 Liu Manqi, Xu Mengyuan, Shan Tianhao, Zhao Hong, Zeng Hongmei, Cai Jianqiang Electronic Journal of Liver Tumor    2024, 11 (2): 53-60.   Abstract （48）      PDF （2821KB）（29）       Knowledge map    Save Objective: To analyze the global epidemiological profiles of liver and gallbladder cancer in 2022, and project the global burden of cancer incidence and mortality until 2050. Methods: Based on the GLOBOCAN 2022 database, we analyzed the global burden of liver and gallbladder cancer in 2022 and the projected disease burden in 2050. We calculated age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) and age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) by using Segi's world standard population structure data. We estimated the future number of cases and deaths by 2050 based on world population prospects. Results: In 2022, there were an estimated 866,136 new cases and 758,725 deaths from liver cancer, corresponding to ASIRs and ASMRs of 8.6 per 100,000 and 7.4 per 100,000, respectively. There were an estimated 122,491 new cases and 89,055 deaths from gallbladder cancer, corresponding to ASIRs and ASMRs of 1.2 per 100,000 and 0.83 per 100,000, respectively. Incidence and mortality rates of liver cancer were higher in males than in females across different age groups, and gallbladder cancer displayed higher rates among females compared to males. The country with the highest ASIR and ASMR for liver cancer was Mongolia. For gallbladder cancer, Bolivia reported the highest ASIR and ASMR. By 2050, the annual number of new cases and deaths from liver cancer will increase to 1,564,034 (an 80.6 percent increase from the year 2022) and 1,420,926 (an 87.3 percent increase), respectively. The annual number of new cases and deaths from gallbladder cancer will increase to 235,096 (a 91.9 percent increase from the year 2022) and 176,725 (a 98.4 percent increase), respectively. Africa has the largest increase in both projected new cases and deaths from liver and gallbladder cancer globally in 2050. Conclusions: Inequities in liver and gallbladder disease burden persist worldwide. Regions such as Asia and Africa, as well as countries such as Mongolia and Bolivia, which face heavy disease burden and rising incidence rates, must prioritize the establishment of cancer control initiatives. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on conversion therapy for patients with malignant liver tumors with inadequate remnant liver volume Li Xin, Li Zhiyu Electronic Journal of Liver Tumor    2024, 11 (1): 16-20.   Abstract （56）      PDF （1646KB）（27）       Knowledge map    Save For patients with primary or locally metastatic malignant liver tumors,the only chance for long-term survival is complete resection of the liver tumors. However, post-hepatectomy liver failure(PHLF) remains a major cause of mortality after liver resection,and inadequate future liver remnant has been proven to be a major risk factor for PHLF. Currently,various methods exist for preoperative conversion therapy. Portal vein embolization and associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy are the two most widely used methods. However, each method has its distinct advantages and disadvantages. With the development of comprehensive treatment for malignant tumors, several treatment methods are under exploration. This study compares different conversion therapy methods,aiming to provide clinical references. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A new strategy for solid tumor treatment: the immunotherapeutic potential of chimeric antigen receptor macrophages Kong Qinghao, Li Shuang, Lu Yinying Electronic Journal of Liver Tumor    2024, 11 (3): 16-19.   Abstract （46）      PDF （1898KB）（24）       Knowledge map    Save Solid tumors are one of the major diseases threatening human health worldwide. Traditional treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have their inherent limitations, and although immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown efficacy, not all patients respond to them. Chimeric antigen receptor-macrophage (CAR-M) therapy involves the genetic engineering of macrophages to express chimeric receptors that specifically recognize tumor antigens, demonstrating the potential for targeted tumor cell destruction. However, CAR-M therapy for solid tumors is currently in the preclinical and early clinical research stages. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current state of preclinical studies on CAR-M, including the design of CAR structures, sources of donor cells, and vectors for delivering CAR genes to macrophages. Additionally, it summarizes the limitations and challenges faced in the development of CAR-M, offering new research perspectives for the future advancement of CAR-M therapy. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Molecular characterization of KRAS G12C mutation in the tumors of digestive system Zhao Tingqi, Dong Lin, Ying Jianming, Li Weihua Electronic Journal of Liver Tumor    2024, 11 (1): 4-8.   Abstract （67）      PDF （1777KB）（23）       Knowledge map    Save Objective: To identified the molecular characteristics of KRAS G12C mutation in the tumors of digestive system. Methods: Data of 1 100 patients diagnosed as digestive malignant tumor in Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from 2017 to 2022 were collected. The microsatellite status, tumor mutation burden (TMB) and KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA mutations were detected by next-generation sequencing in 1 100 patients with tumors of digestive system, including colorectal adenocarcinoma, duodenal adenocarcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, gastric adenocarcinoma, ileocecal adenocarcinoma and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Results: Microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) tumors were most common in duodenal adenocarcinoma (19%), followed by ileocecal adenocarcinoma (18%) and colorectal adenocarcinoma (10.2%). However, no MSI-H tumors were detected in the 100 cases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. TMB values also varied among different tumors of digestive system. High-TMB (≥10 mut/Mb) tumors were most common in ileocecal adenocarcinoma (24%), followed by duodenal adenocarcinoma (22%) and gastric adenocarcinoma (18.9%). KRAS mutations were detected in 452 of 1 100 (41.09%) cases, among which the most common tumor was pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (85.0%), followed by duodenal adenocarcinoma (56%) and ileocecal adenocarcinoma (53%). However, KRAS mutations were identified in 7.3% of gastric adenocarcinoma. KRAS G12C mutation was detected in 2.82% of all the 1 100 tumors, and only 6.9% (31/452) of all digestive tumors with KRAS mutations among which the most common tumor was ileocecal adenocarcinoma (2/9), followed by duodenal adenocarcinoma (13%) and colorectal adenocarcinoma (8.8%). However, no significant differences in gender, age, MSI and TMB status were observed between patients with KRAS G12C mutation and other KRAS mutation subtypes. Conclusions: Although nearly half of patients with digestive malignancies carry KRAS mutations, but only 6.9% of KRAS-mutant cases harbored KRAS G12C mutation subtype. KRAS G12C mutation was most common in ileocecal cancer, duodenal cancer and colorectal cancer. And no obvious difference in clinical and molecular pathological features compared with other types of KRAS mutations Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Electronic Journal of Liver Tumor    2024, 11 (1): 42-46.   Abstract （40）      PDF （6972KB）（22）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the development trend of liver cancer mortality among Chinese residents from 2012 to 2021 Shao Tang, Zheng Fangshu, Wu Jun Electronic Journal of Liver Tumor    2024, 11 (3): 54-57.   Abstract （40）      PDF （1992KB）（22）       Knowledge map    Save Objective: To analyze the trends of liver cancer mortality and standardized mortality among Chinese residents from 2012 to 2021. Methods: The trend of liver cancer mortality and standardized mortality among Chinese residents was studied and analyzed by using the Joinpoint regression model with the number of liver cancer deaths and survey population in the National Disease Surveillance System Cause of Death Surveillance Dataset (2012), the Chinese Cause of Death Surveillance Dataset (2013-2021), and the data from the 6th and 7th national census as the study data. Results: The number of liver cancer deaths and mortality rates among men in the surveillance population from 2012 to 2021 years were approximately 2.7 to 2.8 times higher than those among women. There were 2 Joinpoint turning points for liver cancer mortality in the total, male and female populations in the surveillance population from 2012 to 2021 years, with the turning points in the male population occurring in 2014 years and 2018 years, with an increasing trend from 2012 to 2014 years (P<0.05) and a decreasing trend from 2014 to 2018 years (P<0.05). The turning points in the total and female populations occurred in 2014 years and 2019 years, with an upward trend from 2012 to 2014 years (P<0.05) and a downward trend from 2014 to 2019 years (P<0.05). There was one Joinpoint turning point of liver cancer mortality in the total population, male population and female population, which occurred in 2019 years, and the female population showed an increasing trend from 2019 to 2021 years (P<0.05). Conclusion: The mortality rate of liver cancer in the monitored population was higher in males than in females, and its development trend showed an increasing trend before 2014 and a decreasing trend after 2014, and the trend of the standardized mortality rate of liver cancer tended to be stable. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical application progress of circulating tumor cells for accurate dynamic monitoring of hepatocellular carcinoma Huang Xiaozhun, Wang Fuzun, Xie Yunliang, Ran Yihong, Xu Lin, Huang Zhangkan, Yin Xin, Bi Xinyu, Che Xu Electronic Journal of Liver Tumor    2024, 11 (1): 21-24.   Abstract （66）      PDF （1596KB）（21）       Knowledge map    Save Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common neoplasm and a major cause of cancer-related death worldwide. There is no ideal biomarker allowing early diagnosis of HCC and tumor surveillance in patients receiving therapy. Circulating tumor cells (CTC) have become a useful tool for diagnosing and monitoring therapeutic responses of different tumors in a non-invasive setting, and have great potential for precision medicine delivery in HCC patients. Based on existing clinical application evidence, this review will discuss the application and research progress of CTC in guiding surgical methods, resection margins, interventional therapy and systematic therapy, and other accurate dynamic monitoring. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of lenvatinib for hepatocellular carcinoma Pei Xirui, Li Xiaohang Electronic Journal of Liver Tumor    2024, 11 (1): 25-29.   Abstract （50）      PDF （1617KB）（21）       Knowledge map    Save Hepatocellular carcinoma is a major challenge affecting global health and has been recognised as a leading cause of death both in China and the world. Due to its insidious, rapidly progressive and highly malignant nature, many patients with hepatocellular carcinoma have already lost their chance of surgery by the time they are diagnosed. Lenvatinib has the ability to inhibit the growth of both tumor cells and tumor angiogenesis, which results in a better effect on patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma and significantly prolongs the overall survival of patients. Therefore, lenvatinib is considered as a first-line target drug for the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. This article presents a systematic review about the research progress of lenvatinib for hepatocellular carcinoma and future perspectives. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Efficacy and safety of bevacizumab with nab-paclitaxel and tegafur gimeracil oteracil potassium capsule (S-1) in advanced biliary tract adenocarcinoma Zhang Chao, Sun Yongkun, Su Aijiang, Zhao Jianjun, Zhou Jianguo, Li Zhiyu, Zhou Hua, Zhao Pan, Chen Nan, Liu Na Electronic Journal of Liver Tumor    2024, 11 (2): 61-65.   Abstract （56）      PDF （2199KB）（20）       Knowledge map    Save Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of bevacizumab with nab-paclitaxel and tegafur gimeracil oteracil potassium capsule (S-1) in advanced biliary tract adenocarcinoma patients. Method: Totally 22 stageⅣ biliary tract adenocarcinoma patients were enrolled in this single arm, single center prospective phaseⅡ study. Patients were treated with bevacizumab at a dose of 5 mg/kg on day 1, nab-paclitaxel at a dose of 150 mg/m2 on day 1 and S-1, 40 to 60 mg bid/day on days 1-10 of a 14-day cycle. Treatments were repeated until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity occurred. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR). The secondary endpoints were median progression-free survival (PFS), disease control rate (DCR), and adverse events (AEs). Result: The number of patients enrolled were 22, and 21 patients were evaluated for efficacy, with a median of 6 cycles of treatment and a median of 2 lines of treatment. A total of 9 patients achieved partial response (PR) with an ORR of 42.9%(9/21), DCR was 85.7%(18/21). 3 progressive disease was observed. The median PFS were 8 months (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 4.5~11.5). The incidence of grade 3 treatment-related adverse events in 22 patients was 68.2%(15/22), and there were no grade 4 treatment-related adverse events. The most common grade 3 or 4 toxicities were neutropenia (18.1%), Thrombocytopenia in 2 cases (9.1%), gastrointestinal reaction in 2 cases (9.1%), increased total bilirubin (TBIL)/direct bilirubin (DBIL) in 1 case (4.5%), anemia in 1 case (4.5%), others including neurotoxicity, elevated aminotransferase, bleeding, diarrhea, fatigue, elevation of blood pressure, proteinuria, etc., were grade 1 to 2. During treatment, 4 cases (18.1%) were combined with infection, 3 cases stopped treatment due to adverse events, and there were no treatment-related deaths. Conclusion: The combination of bevacizumab with nab-paclitaxel and S-1 showed explicit antitumor activities and favorable safety profile in advanced biliary tract adenocarcinoma patients, which has good clinical therapeutic value. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Prognosis and risk factors of different recurrence patterns after hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastasis Chen Hanwei, Li Lei Electronic Journal of Liver Tumor    2024, 11 (2): 27-32.   Abstract （79）      PDF （3700KB）（20）       Knowledge map    Save Objective: To study the prognostic differences and risk factors of different recurrence patterns after hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastasis. Methods: The general data, clinical data and follow-up data of patients with colorectal liver metastasis who underwent hepatectomy in the Department of General Surgery of Peking University Third Hospital from January 2009 to February 2023 were collected. Kaplan-Meier curve was used to analyze the survival differences between different recurrence times and different recurrence sites. The maximally selected test was used to find the optimal cut-off value of recurrence time for distinguishing the survival after recurrence. Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the risk factors of early recurrence. Results: A total of 281 patients met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. There were statistically significant differences in mortality and overall survival between patients with and without postoperative recurrence (P=0.001). The optimal cut-off value for distinguishing early and late recurrence was 12 months (P=0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in the post-recurrence survival between patients with early recurrence and late recurrence (P=0.001 1). There was a statistically significant difference in the post-recurrence survival between different recurrence sites (P=0.002 3), and the prognosis of patients with the first recurrence site in the lung was the best. Logistic regression analysis showed that patients with positive lymph node metastasis of primary tumor (OR=2.294, 95%CI:1.171-4.496, P=0.019), preoperative CEA≥5.31 ng/ml (OR=2.160, 95%CI:1.001-4.660, P=0.049 8) and preoperative CA19-9≥ 40.52 U/ml (OR=2.210, 95%CI:1.030-4.741, P=0.042) were at high risk of early recurrence after surgery. Conclusions: The recurrence within 12 months and extrapulmonary recurrence is associated with poor prognosis. The risk factors for early recurrence include positive lymph node metastasis of primary tumor, preoperative CEA≥5.31 ng/ml and preoperative CA19-9≥ 40.52 U/ml. Patients with related risk factors should be actively reviewed and monitored. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Electronic Journal of Liver Tumor    2024, 11 (2): 100-103.   Abstract （41）      PDF （5205KB）（20）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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ERCC6L mediates DNA repair and replication signaling to promote hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation and metastasis Li Dongliang, Zhou Baofu, Du Chaogang, Wu Jing, Huang Cheng Electronic Journal of Liver Tumor    2025, 12 (3): 19-29.   Abstract （34）      PDF （10189KB）（20）       Knowledge map    Save Objective: To explore the mechanism of ERCC6L gene in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). Methods: The expression and prognostic differences of ERCC6L and DNA methylation levels in HCC cells were analyzed by public databases and immunohistochemistry; the effects of ERCC6L expression on HCC cells proliferation, transfer and invasion were analyzed by in vivo and in vitro experiments, and the cell cycle effects of ERCC6L on HCC cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The effects of ERCC6L on DNA repair and replication signals (RRM1,RRM2,POLE2 and LIG1) in HCC cells were analyzed by functional enrichment and protein immunoblotting experiments. Results: ERCC6L mRNA and protein levels were up-regulated in HCC tissues (all P<0.05).The overall survival rate of HCC patients with high expression of ERCC6L was lower than that of patients with low expression (P<0.05). ERCC6L showed hypomethylation status in HCC patients,including cg01004805, cg12747864, cg09743261, cg05279113. Knockdown of ERCC6L inhibited HCC cell viability, proliferation, migration and invasive ability, and reduced HCC tumor growth (all P<0.05). The KEGG signaling pathway of ERCC6L was mainly enriched in cell cycle,DNA replication and Fanconi anemia pathways. Knockdown of ERCC6L expression induced G0/G1 phase arrest in HCC cells and decreased the levels of RRM1,RRM2,POLE2 and LIG1 protein expression (all P<0.05). Conclusion: ERCC6L is highly expressed in HCC patients and mediates worse prognosis by a potential mechanism through mediating DNA repair and replication signaling. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Electronic Journal of Liver Tumor    2024, 11 (1): 47-49.   Abstract （52）      PDF （1635KB）（19）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Electronic Journal of Liver Tumor    2024, 11 (3): 14-15.   Abstract （34）      PDF （1553KB）（18）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics